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Międzynarodowy system walutowy. Od złota do waluty cyfrowej
Funkcje pieniądza, początkowo pełnione przez kruszce, w szczególności złoto, następnie pieniądz papierowy, dziś przejmowane są przez pieniądz bezgotówkowy, stopniowo wypierający gotówkę. Do pełnienia funkcji pieniądza pretendują również kryptowaluty, a w szczególności tzw. stablecoins, czyli stabilne kryptowaluty, których wartość powiązana jest z kursami najważniejszych walut fiducjarnych (dolara amerykańskiego, euro, jena czy koszyka tych walut). Odpowiedzią banków centralnych na zmieniające się preferencje użytkowników pieniądza oraz rozwój nowoczesnych technologii i wzrost popularności funkcjonujących z ich wykorzystaniem walut wirtualnych jest podjęcie prac nad emisją pieniądza cyfrowego banku centralnego (CBDC - Central Bank Digital Currency). Niniejsza monografia wpisuje się w ważny nurt dyskusji ekonomicznej i dotyczy aktualnego problemu, jakim są przemiany w międzynarodowym systemie walutowym. W książce przedstawiono: • najważniejsze koncepcje pieniądza międzynarodowego, • ewolucję międzynarodowego systemu walutowego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmieniających się form pieniądza, • dyskusję nad kolejną transformacją międzynarodowego systemu walutowego oraz rozważania, czy waluty cyfrowe zastąpią obecny system pieniężny i walutowy. Kompleksowość przeprowadzonych rozważań, aktualność problematyki oraz przejrzysty układ sprawiają, że książka może być doskonałą lekturą zarówno dla pracowników naukowych, studentów ekonomii i finansów, jak i ekspertów oraz analityków rynku finansowego, a także wszystkich chcących zrozumieć istotę procesów zachodzących w międzynarodowym systemie walutowym oraz poszukujących odpowiedzi m.in. na następujące pytania: • Jakie zasady międzynarodowego systemu walutowego zapewnią jego stabilność w warunkach dynamicznej globalizacji procesów gospodarczych? • W jakim kierunku zmierza transformacja międzynarodowego systemu walutowego? • Czy waluty cyfrowe zastąpią obecny system pieniężny i walutowy?
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| ISBN | 978-83-8102-543-0 |
| EAN | 9788381025430 |
Niniejsza monografia wpisuje się w ważny nurt dyskusji ekonomicznej i dotyczy aktualnego problemu, jakim są przemiany w międzynarodowym systemie walutowym. W książce przedstawiono:
• najważniejsze koncepcje pieniądza międzynarodowego,
• ewolucję międzynarodowego systemu walutowego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmieniających się form pieniądza,
• dyskusję nad kolejną transformacją międzynarodowego systemu walutowego oraz rozważania, czy waluty cyfrowe zastąpią obecny system pieniężny i walutowy.
Kompleksowość przeprowadzonych rozważań, aktualność problematyki oraz przejrzysty układ sprawiają, że książka może być doskonałą lekturą zarówno dla pracowników naukowych, studentów ekonomii i finansów, jak i ekspertów oraz analityków rynku finansowego, a także wszystkich chcących zrozumieć istotę procesów zachodzących w międzynarodowym systemie walutowym oraz poszukujących odpowiedzi m.in. na następujące pytania:
• Jakie zasady międzynarodowego systemu walutowego zapewnią jego stabilność w warunkach dynamicznej globalizacji procesów gospodarczych?
• W jakim kierunku zmierza transformacja międzynarodowego systemu walutowego?
• Czy waluty cyfrowe zastąpią obecny system pieniężny i walutowy?
Wstęp 9
Rozdział 1
Najważniejsze koncepcje pieniądza międzynarodowego 13
1.1. Wprowadzenie 13
1.2. Złoto w funkcji pieniądza międzynarodowego 14
1.3. Waluta kluczowa 18
1.4. Międzynarodowa jednostka walutowa 22
1.5. Niezależne waluty narodowe jako podstawa systemu 24
1.6. Waluta towarowa 25
1.7. Pieniądz cyfrowy banku centralnego 28
1.8. Kryptowaluty 32
1.9. Porównanie najważniejszych koncepcji pieniądza międzynarodowego 34
Rozdział 2
Międzynarodowy system walutowy w erze pieniądza kruszcowego 39
2.1. System waluty złotej 39
2.2. Międzynarodowy system walutowy w okresie międzywojennym 55
2.3. System walutowy z Bretton Woods 75
Rozdział 3
System oparty na pieniądzu fiducjarnym w latach 70. i 80. XX w. 97
3.1. Skutki upadku systemu z Bretton Woods, kryzysów energetycznych i gospodarczych 97
3.1.1. Destabilizacja walutowa 97
3.1.2. Skutki przejścia do płynnych kursów walutowych 99
3.1.3. Przyczyny, skala i skutki inflacji 107
3.1.4. Spadek stopy wzrostu PKB 111
3.1.5. Narastanie nierównowag na rachunkach obrotów bieżących a procesy dostosowawcze 113
3.2. Wprowadzenie pieniądza międzynarodowego - Special Drawing Rights jako inicjatywa na rzecz stabilizacji MSW 122
3.3. Trudności w koordynacji polityki walutowej krajów posiadających waluty kluczowe 129
3.4. Liberalizacja przepływów kapitału i rozwój rynku walutowego jako przyczyny kryzysów walutowych 142
3.5. Ocena pozycji walut kluczowych międzynarodowego systemu walutowego 154
3.6. Ocena funkcjonowania MSW w latach 70. i 80. XX w. 167
Rozdział 4
Współczesny międzynarodowy system walutowy w warunkach globalizacji od lat 90. XX w. 173
4.1. Postępująca policentryzacja układu sił gospodarczych w warunkach globalizacji a funkcjonowanie MSW 173
4.2. Czynniki wzrostu ryzyka kursowego 187
4.3. Międzynarodowy rynek finansowy a stabilność MSW 195
4.4. Problem utrzymywania się nierównowag na rachunkach obrotów bieżących 214
4.5. Ocena walut kluczowych w funkcjach pieniądza międzynarodowego 220
Rozdział 5
Dyskusja nad kolejną transformacją międzynarodowego systemu walutowego 243
5.1. Przesłanki zreformowania międzynarodowego systemu walutowego 243
5.2. Koncepcje transformacji międzynarodowego systemu walutowego 248
5.3. Czy waluty cyfrowe zastąpią obecny system pieniężny i walutowy? 255
5.3.1. Przesłanki cyfryzacji pieniądza 255
5.3.2. Kryptowaluty jako waluty międzynarodowe 259
5.3.3. Pieniądz cyfrowy banku centralnego w funkcji waluty międzynarodowej 267
Zakończenie 281
Bibliografia 287
Spis rysunków 311
Spis tabel 315
Recenzja: Dr hab. Bartosz Jóźwik, prof. Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II
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