Work, Enterprise, Career in the English Language, Literature and Culture

From the Editor 9


Part One:
Language

1. Metaphors of WORK in legal text. A cognitive linguistics approach - Tomasz P. Górski 15
Introduction 15
1.1. The classical view and its challenge 16
1.2. Cognitive metaphor 18
1.3. Using metaphors 24
1.4. The lexeme WORK 25
1.5. Conceptual metaphors of WORK 27
1.5.1. WORK IS A JOURNEY (example 1) 29
1.5.2. WORK IS A MARRIAGE (example 2) 29
1.5.3. WORK IS A (MOVEABLE) OBJECT (example 3) 30
1.5.4. WORK IS A LIVING ORGANISM (example 4) 30
1.5.5. WORK IS A CONTAINER (example 5) 31
1.5.6. WORK IS A PLANT (example 5) 32
Conclusions and future prospects 32
Works Cited 33

2. On the usage of linguistic modalities in legal texts on the basis of UK's Employment Rights Act of 1996 - Katarzyna Gęborys 35
Introduction 36
2.1. The roles of modals and functions of their propositional attitudes 36
2.1.1. Epistemic modality 38
2.1.2. Deontic modality 39
2.1.3. Alethic modality 40
2.2. On the consequences of misinterpretation of legal texts in the context of modal verbs exponents 41
2.2.1. Shall as the exponent of obligations 42
2.2.2. Must as the exponent of internal obligation 43
2.2.3. Have to as a form of intrinsic obligation 44
2.2.4. May as an exponent of permission or possibility 44
2.2.5. Can as a manifestation of implied ability 45
Final remarks 46
Works Cited 47

3. Some problematic issues of legal terminology in English and Polish on the example of UK's Employment Rights Act of 1996 - Katarzyna Gęborys 49
Introduction 49
3.1. On the concept of discourse and discursive communication in legal discourse 50
3.2. On the concept of employment relationship in the context of British legal system 50
3.3. The language of law defined 51
3.4. Translation of legal terms 52
3.5. Equivalence decoded 53
3.6. The analysis of problematic terms in the context of principles of British employment law 55
3.6.1. Contractual relations 55
3.6.2. Part I Employment particulars 56
3.6.3. Part II Protection of wages 57
3.6.4. Part 2A Zero hours workers 58
3.6.5. Part III Guarantee payments 58
3.6.6. Part IV Sunday working for shop and betting workers 58
3.6.7. Part V Protection from suffering detriment in employment 59
3.6.8. Part VII Suspension from work 59
3.6.9. Part X Unfair dismissal 60
3.6.10. Part X Insolvency of employers 60
Concluding remarks 60
Works Cited 61

4. Enhancing students' career prospects through up-to-date English for Specific Purposes (ESP) syllabi - Ewa Bułat 63
4.1. Demand for specialist English courses and study programmes 63
4.2. The demands of teaching ESP and the role of the ESP teacher 65
4.3. ESP course design 68
4.3.1. Needs analysis 68
4.3.2. Developing a syllabus 69
4.3.3. The ESP practitioner as materials provider 74
Conclusions 75
Works Cited 76


Part Two:
Literature

5. "I never saw a more industrious girl": Representation of women's work in Charlotte Brontë's Shirley - Agnieszka Setecka 81
Works Cited 90

6. A man of career, or the working-class hero Joe Lampton makes it to the top - Marek Błaszak 91
Works Cited 100

7. The representation of the professionalisation of authorship in eighteenth-century English literature - Joanna Maciulewicz 101
Works Cited 108


Part Three:
Culture

8. Man against the machine. Andrew Ure's visions of the factory and factory labour - Małgorzata Nitka 113
Works Cited 130

9. The labour market in outcast London of the 19th century - Bojana Bujwid-Sadowska 133
9.1. Economic theories 134
9.2. Labour market and its variability 135
9.3. The ways of economising labour 138
9.4. The diversity of London's labour market 139
Conclusions 142
Works Cited 143

10. Servants and their work in Beeton's Book of Household Management (1861) - Wojciech Nowicki 145
Works Cited 155

11. Florence Nightingale as a Victorian career woman - Ilona Dobosiewicz 157
Works Cited 164

Notes on Contributors 167

Marek Błaszak holds an MA from Wrocław University for a thesis on D.H. Lawrence, PhD from Łódź University for a dissertation on Ann Radcliffe, and the degree of habilitated doctor (DLitt) from Opole University for a monograph on Captain Frederick Marryat. He has published around 45 academic articles and given a number of conference presentations, covering a range of issues and problems in English, American, and French prose fiction, and dedicated - apart from the above-mentioned writers - to Daniel Defoe, Jane Austen, Thomas Love Peacock, Charles Dickens, John Braine, Doris Lessing, Michael Cunningham, Philip Roth, and the Abbé Prévost.

Bojana Bujwid-Sadowska graduated from and subsequently taught at the University of Silesia. Her doctorate focused on the topos of labyrinth in the writings of Anais Nin. Her research interests include contemporary British novel, especially Kazuo Ishiguro's fiction. Currently she has been lecturing at WSB University and the Institute of English Studies, University of Wrocław.

Ewa Bułat holds a PhD degree in English linguistics from the University of Wroclaw and a diploma in Business English at level C2 from the University of Cambridge. Her academic achievements include several publications and conference presentations in theoretical linguistics. Professionally, she filled positions in business development and marketing & sales both at executive and specialist level, working for the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry International Qualifications and a British IT company. As a result, her research interests have shifted to teaching ESP and specialist business subjects in English. Currently, she is an Assistant Professor at WSB University in Wroclaw.

Ilona Dobosiewicz received her Ph.D. in English from Illinois State University, USA and her D.Litt. degree from Opole University, Poland. Currently she is Professor of English Literature at Opole University. She is the author of books: Female Relationships in Jane Austen's Novels (1997), Ambivalent Feminism: Marriage and Women's Social Roles in George Eliot's Works (2003), and Borderland: Jewishness and Gender in the Works of Amy Levy (2016) as well as articles on the nineteenth-century British and American literature and culture which appeared in academic journals and edited collections published by Palgrave-Macmillan, Bloomsbury Academic, Cambridge Scholars, Peter Lang, and university presses in Poland, France, and Portugal. She has co-edited the series Readings in English and American Literature and Culture, published by Opole University and is the managing editor (literature section) of Explorations: A Journal of Language and Literature (www.explorations.uni.opole.pl).

Katarzyna Gęborys graduated from Adam Mickiewicz University, where she obtained Ph.D. in 2013, and also graduated from the University of Wrocław, where she obtained LL.M. She has been researching in linguistics and translation. Her research interests include contemporary trends in linguistics and translations of texts. Currently she is an Assistant Professor at WSB University in Wrocław.

Tomasz P. Górski graduated the University of Wrocław in 2001, where he also obtained his Ph.D. in 2005. He has been researching in linguistics and translation as well as working as a translator for The Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. He is a member of the Wrocław Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and author of many articles published in Poland and abroad. His research includes theory and practice of translation, language and cultural studies, cognitive linguistics, and literary-linguistic interface. To date he edited the book At the Crossroads of Linguistic Sciences (Kraków 2006), and Miłosz in "Pamiętnik Literacki" (Warszawa 2013), the first online English publication of the oldest Polish studies scholarly periodical in Poland. Polskie przekłady "Hamleta" Williama Shakespeare'a. Analiza intertekstualna [Polish Translations of William Shakespeare's "Hamlet". An Intertextual Analysis] (Wrocław 2013) is his latest monograph.

Joanna Maciulewicz, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University. Her research interests include history of the book and literature of the long eighteenth century. She has published articles on various aspects of English eighteenth-century fiction. She is currently working on a post-doctoral book on the representation of book culture in eighteenth-century literature which addresses such problems as orality, literacy, print culture, commercialisation of literature and authorship.

Dr hab. Małgorzata Nitka is an Associate Professor in the Institute of English Cultures and Literatures, University of Silesia, Poland. Her research interests cover English literature and culture of the 19th century, particularly social and cultural aspects of the Industrial Revolution. Her major publication in this field is Railway Defamiliarisation, The Rise of Passengerhood in the Nineteenth Century (2006), an analysis of cultural changes following the development of the railway in the 19th century. She also published articles on Charles Dickens, George Gissing, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Anthony Trollope.

Wojciech Nowicki is an Associate Professor in the English Department of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland, and Head of the English Department in the State School of Higher Education, Zamość, Poland. He has published books and articles on British fiction, the literature of Polish Romanticism, campus fiction and utopia. He is currently working on a book about eighteenth-century animal narratives.

Agnieszka Setecka, DLitt, is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University. Her interests include Victorian fiction, women's literature, history of the English novel, realism in literature. She has published several articles in academic journals and in article collections and she is the author of Vanishing Realities. Social Significance of Material Culture in Victorian Novelistic Discourse (2013), which is a study of the relations between Victorian literature and culture.